郭音伽,陈艳艳,顾欣,周云彤,李昀轩,郭继孚

• 1:北京工业大学
• 2:北京市城市交通运行保障工程技术研究中心
• 3:北京交通发展研究院

摘要(Abstract)：

校车作为学生上下学接驳的重要交通工具，其运输安全至关重要，但因为校车周围车辆驾驶员忽视“校车特权”，非法超越校车而引发的校车事故经常发生。为了保障校车停靠安全，设计了校车停靠驾驶模拟实验场景及4组交通诱导措施方案：设置校车停靠站点标牌、设置校车停靠站点预告标识和站点双标牌、发布网联预警信息以及“预警+站点标牌”组合措施。利用二元Logistic回归模型、混合线性模型分析驾驶员驾驶行为参数，比较不同诱导措施在不同驾驶环境及不同性别驾驶员间的效果差异。研究结果表明：“预警+站点标牌”组合措施的安全效果优于其他诱导措施，且对女性驾驶员影响更为显著。有背景交通流时，各种诱导措施效果减弱。建议在交通流量较小的道路上设置校车停靠站点标牌，在交通流量较大的道路上采用组合诱导措施。研究结果能够为交通管理者提出校车安全改善措施，提高校车停靠及停靠过程中周边车辆的运行安全水平提供参考依据。

关键词(KeyWords)： 城市交通;交通诱导;模拟驾驶;校车安全;驾驶行为

Abstract:

Keywords:

基金项目(Foundation): 北京市博士后基金项目（2021-ZZ-109）

作者(Author): 郭音伽,陈艳艳,顾欣,周云彤,李昀轩,郭继孚

DOI: 10.19961/j.cnki.1672-4747.2022.09.018

参考文献(References)：

• [1]彭振武，张君玲，侯润佳，等.校车安全监管系统的设计与研究[J].电脑与电信, 2017, 256(12):14-16.PENG Zhen-wu, ZHANG Jun-ling, HOU Run-jia, et al.The design and research on school bus safety monitoring and management system[J]. Computer&Telecommunication, 2017, 256(12):14-16.
• [2]潘立军，刘喜梅.校车安全事故故障树分析及安全运营对策研究[J].湖南社会科学，2019(4):127-132.PAN Li-jun, LIU Xi-mei. Study on fault tree analysis and safety operation countermeasures of school bus safety accidents[J]. Social Sciences in Hunan, 2019,(4):127-132.
• [3]钟禾.近年重大校车事故[EB/OL].(2014-12-05)[2022-08-02] http://www. xiaoche001. com/xcxw/gdypl/2014/1205/2014LESwEUuFgI.html
• [4] LI Z, LI R, ZHANG H, et al. Development of a school bus restraint system model and its application in the evaluation of designed protective strategies on child neck injury in front-end crash[J]. International Journal of Crashworthiness, 2022, 27(3):847-856.
• [5] GUNTER L, DAVIS J, ABULHASSAN Y, et al. School bus rear emergency door design improvements to increase evacuation flow[J]. Safety Science, 2020, 121:64-70.
• [6] AVILéS-GONZáLEZ J F, MORA-VARGAS J, SMITH N R, et al. Artificial intelligence and DOE:an application to school bus routing problems[J]. Wireless Networks,2020, 26(7):4975-4983.
• [7] AMMAR K, JALMOUD M, BOUSHEHRI A, et al. A real-time school bus tracking and monitoring system[C]//2019 IEEE 10th Annual Information Technology, Electronics and Mobile Communication Conference(IEMCON). Vancouver:IEEE, 2019:654-660.
• [8] LI J, ZUO L. Comparative analysis of school bus management mode in China and America[C]//International Conference on Financial, Management and Education Science, Beijing, 2012.
• [9]侯新悦.基于毫米波雷达的校车人员防遗漏检测关键技术研究[D].石家庄：河北科技大学, 2021.HOU Xin-yue. Research on key technology of detecting missing persons in school bus based on millimeter wave radar[D]. Shijiazhuang:Hebei University of Science and Technology, 2021.
• [10] National Center for Safe Routes to School, Pedestrian and Bicycle Information Center. Selecting school bus stop locations:aguide for school transportation professionals[R]. Washington D. C.:National Center for Safe Routes to School, 2010.
• [11] United States Department of Transportation.Traffic safety facts 2001—2010 data:school transportation-related crashes[R]. Washington D.C.:National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, 2012.
• [12] APPACHU D, ELIAS A M, STEPHENS B, et al. Identification of critical issues involving school bus safety[R]. Gainesville FL:Southeastern Transportation Research Center,1999.
• [13] DONOUGHE K, KATZ B. Evaluation of fatal school bus related crashes and near-term crash mitigation strategies[J]. IATSS Research, 2015, 38(2):135-141.
• [14] DOU X, TIAN Z. Research on modelling and controlling the concentration of combustible solvent vapors in indirect electrical heating circulation dryer[J]. Procedia Engineering, 2012, 45:477-482.
• [15] HINCH.J, MCCRAY.L. School bus safety:crashworthiness research[R]. Washington D. C.:Research and Development at the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, 2002.
• [16]胡立伟，杨鸿飞，何越人，等．基于复杂网络的营运货车交通事故风险因素识别[J]．交通运输工程与信息学报，2022,20(1):128-134.HU Li-wei, YANG Hong-ren, HE Yue-ren, et al. Driving risk identification of commercial trucks based on complex network theor[J]. Journal of Transportation Engineering and Information, 2022, 20(1):128-134.
• [17]北京市人民代表大会常务委员会．北京市实施《中华人民共和国道路交通安全法》办法[S].2018-09-28.
• [18]中华人民共和国国务院.校车安全管理条例(国务院令第617号)[S].(2012-03-28)[2022-02-09].http://www.gov.cn/zhengce/2012-04/10/content_2602600.htm
• [19] XIANG W, YAN X, WENG J, et al. Effect of auditory in-vehicle warning information on drivers’brake response time to red-light running vehicles during collision avoidance[J]. Transportation Research Part F:Traffic Psychology and Behaviour, 2016, 40:56-67.
• [20] SCHWARZ F, FASTENMEIER W. Augmented reality warnings in vehicles:Effects of modality and specificity on effectiveness[J]. Accident Analysis&Prevention,2017, 101:55-66.
• [21]张良，陈诗慧，张伟．驾驶员换道执行持续时间研究[J]．工业工程与管理，2014,19(4):109-114.ZHANG Liang, CHEN Shi-hui, ZHANG Wei. Study on lane change duration[J]. Industrial Engineering and Management, 2014, 19(4):109-114.
• [22]王畅，付锐，于鹏程．城市道路环境中驾驶人应激响应感知-制动反应时间分析[J]．科学技术与工程，2013,13(13):3802-3807.WANG Chang, FU Rui, YU Peng-cheng. Research on the time characteristics of drivers’Emergency response perception-brake reaction under the urban road[J]. Science Technology and Engineering, 2013, 13(13):3802-3807.
• [23] ZHENG Z. Recent developments and research needs in modeling lane changing[J]. Transportation Research Part B:Methodological, 2014, 60:16-32..
• [24] CHEN Y, GUO Y, GU X, et al. Investigating the effect of school bus stopping process on driver behavior of surrounding vehicles based on a driving simulator experiment[J]. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 2021, 18(23):12538.
• [25] HE Y, YAN X P, WU C Z, et al. Effects of driver’s unsafe acceleration behaviors on passengers'comfort for coach buses[C]//Second International Conference on Transportation Information and Safety. Wuhan:ICTIS,2013:1649-1655.
• [26] 2020年全国机动车登记量[EB/OL](2021-01-08)[2022-07-09]https://pad.mydrivers.com/1/733/733853.htm.
• [27]李子奈，潘文卿．计量经济学[M]．北京：高等教育出版社，2015.
• [28] ZHANG Y, YAN X, LI X, et al. Changes of drivers’visual performances when approaching a signalized intersection under different collision avoidance warning conditions[J]. Transportation Research Part F:Traffic Psychology and Behaviour, 2019, 65:584-597.
• [29] HANG J, YAN X, MA L, et al. Exploring the effects of the location of the lane-end sign and traffic volume on multistage lane-changing behaviors in work zone areas:a driving simulator-based study[J]. Transportation Research Part F:Traffic Psychology and Behaviour, 2018,58:980-993.
• [30] GIPPS P G. A model for the structure of lane-changing decisions[J]. Transportation Research Part B:Methodological, 1986, 20(5):403–414.
• [31] MERGIA W Y, EUSTACE D, CHIMBA D, et al. Exploring factors contributing to injury severity at freeway merging and diverging locations in Ohio[J]. Accident Analysis&Prevention, 2013, 55:202-210.
• [32] ALI Y, SHARMA A, HAQUE M M, et al. The impact of the connected environment on driving behavior and safety:a driving simulator study[J]. Accident Analysis&Prevention, 2020, 144:105643.
• [33]李慧慧,胡启洲,雷爱国,等.基于计划行为理论的驾驶员未礼让行为研究[J].交通运输工程与信息学报,2020, 18(4):110-119.LI Hui-hui, HU Qi-zhou, LEI Ai-guo, et al. Driver’s non-comity behavior based on planned behavior theory[J]. Journal of Transportation Engineering and Information, 2020, 18(4):110-119.
• [34] LYU N, CAO Y, WU C, et al. The effect of gender, occupation and experience on behavior while driving on a freeway deceleration lane based on field operational test data[J]. Accident Analysis&Prevention, 2018, 121:82-93.