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【背景】随着城市出行逐步由单一方式向多模式组合转变，传统交通分配模型难以反映实际出行决策中由私家车依赖所导致的方式黏性与切换迟滞现象。【目标】为此，本文构建考虑方式选择惯性的多模式多用户交通分配模型，并提出相应求解算法。【方法】针对无车者与有车者在可选交通方式及决策规则上的差异，构建包含步行、共享单车、私家车、出租车、常规公交和地铁的多模式扩展网络。无车者遵循最小广义出行成本准则进行路径选择；有车者则在私家车依赖作用下，按照由依赖程度决定的方式选择惯性阈值进行方式选择，并在选定方式集合内遵循最短路径原则。据此，建立统一刻画无车者标准用户均衡与有车者方式选择惯性用户均衡的多模式多用户交通分配模型，并采用“外层不动点迭代+内层梯度投影”的组合算法进行求解。【结果】数值实验结果表明，所提模型与算法在不同规模网络上均具有良好收敛特性。敏感性分析进一步表明，低私家车依赖度群体对出行成本参数变化更敏感，而高依赖度群体表现出更强的方式黏性，更不易发生方式切换。【结论】本文将方式选择惯性显式引入多模式交通分配建模框架，可为分析私家车依赖对网络流量分布及出行结构演化的影响提供理论支撑。
Abstract：【Background】As urban travel gradually shifts from single-mode trips to multimodal combinations， traditional traffic assignment models fail to capture the mode stickiness and switching delay caused by private car dependence in actual travel decisions.【Objective】To address this issue， this study develops a multimodal multi-class traffic assignment model that incorporates mode choice inertia and proposes a corresponding solution algorithm.【Method】Considering the differences between carless travelers and car-owning travelers in terms of available travel modes and decision rules， a multimodal extended network is constructed， including walking， bike sharing， private cars， taxis， conventional buses， and metro. Carless travelers are assumed to choose routes according to the minimum generalized travel cost criterion. In contrast， affected by private car dependence， car-owning travelers first choose between all-auto and non-car multimodal alternatives according to an inertia threshold determined by their degree of dependence， and then follow the shortest-path principle within the selected feasible mode set. Accordingly， a multimodal multiclass traffic assignment model is formulated to jointly characterize the standard user equilibrium for carless travelers and the mode choice inertia user equilibrium for car-owning travelers. The model is solved using a hybrid algorithm that combines an outer fixed-point iteration scheme with an inner gradient projection method.【Results】 Numerical experiments show that the proposed model and algorithm exhibit good convergence on networks of different sizes. Sensitivity analysis further indicates that travelers with low private car dependence are more sensitive to changes in travel cost parameters， whereas those with high dependence exhibit stronger mode stickiness and are less likely to switch modes.【Conclusions】This study explicitly incorporates mode choice inertia into the multimodal traffic assignment framework， and provides a theoretical basis for analyzing the effects of private car dependence on traffic flow distribution and the evolution of modal split.
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基本信息:
DOI：10.19961/j.cnki.1672-4747.2026.04.013
中图分类号:U491
引用信息:
[1]李思雯,谢军.考虑方式选择惯性的多模式多用户交通分配方法[J].交通运输工程与信息学报().DOI:10.19961/j.cnki.1672-4747.2026.04.013.
基金信息:
国家重点研发计划“交通基础设施”重点专项项目（2025YFB2606500)
2026-05-13
2026-05-13
2026-05-13