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【背景】随着城市化进程加快与机动车数量持续增长，交通拥堵与出行资源错配问题日益严峻。单向共享汽车作为一种集约化出行方式，虽有助于缓解交通压力，却常因其灵活性而导致车辆供需失衡。【目标】针对单向共享汽车供需失衡问题，提出一种融合运营商调度与用户调度的协同调度策略，旨在提升共享车辆利用率与运营商收益。【方法】构建包含步行、私家车及共享汽车的多模式用户均衡模型，分析双方调度行为的交互机制。在此基础上，建立以运营商收益最大化为上层目标的运营商主导模型，下层基于用户均衡优化调度与定价；通过设计调度触发机制，实现运营商与用户调度的动态协调，并探讨收益与调度成本之间的权衡关系。针对模型中的双变量优化问题，提出基于路径交换的二维搜索算法（RSBTDS）进行求解。【结果】数值算例表明，所提出的协同调度策略可使共享汽车利用率提高约29%，运营商收益提升27.3%。【结论】该调度策略可为共享汽车系统的调度优化与资源分配提供理论依据与管理参考。
Abstract：【Background】With the acceleration of urbanization and the continuous growth of motor vehicles， traffic congestion and the mismatch of transportation resources have become increasingly severe. While one-way car-sharing， as an intensive mode of transportation， helps alleviate traffic pressure， its flexibility often leads to imbalances between vehicle supply and demand. 【Objective】To address the imbalance between supply and demand in one-way car-sharing services， a collaborative scheduling strategy integrating operator scheduling and user scheduling is proposed. This approach aims to enhance vehicle utilization rates and maximize operator revenue. 【Method】A multi-modal user equilibrium model incorporating walking， private cars， and shared cars is constructed to analyze the interaction mechanisms between the two scheduling behaviors. On this basis， an operator-led model is established with the objective of maximizing operator revenue， where scheduling and pricing are optimized based on user equilibrium at the lower level. By designing a scheduling trigger mechanism， dynamic coordination between operator and user relocations is achieved， and the trade-off between revenue and scheduling costs is explored. To solve this bilevel programming model， a Route-Swapping-Based Two-Dimensional Search (RSBTDS) algorithm is proposed. 【Results】Numerical experiments show that the proposed strategy can increase the utilization rate of shared cars by approximately 29% and operator revenue by 27.3%.【Conclusions】This scheduling strategy provides theoretical foundations and management insights for optimizing scheduling and resource allocation in car-sharing systems.
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基本信息:
DOI：10.19961/j.cnki.1672-4747.2025.12.021
中图分类号:U491
引用信息:
[1]王栋,张倩男,张雪,等.考虑运营商与用户协同参与的共享汽车调度机制及优化策略[J].交通运输工程与信息学报().DOI:10.19961/j.cnki.1672-4747.2025.12.021.
基金信息:
国家自然科学基金项目(72201145，72201144); 教育部人文社会科学研究基金项目(22YJC630129); 泰山学者资助项目(tsqn202306169)
2026-03-27
2026-03-27
2026-03-27