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【目标】为响应交通领域低碳转型的需求，提出一种兼顾经济与环境效益的定制公交线路规划方法，旨在保障企业运营可行性的同时实现碳减排收益最大化。【方法】针对定制公交站点布局与线路规划问题，构建三阶段优化框架：第一阶段基于网约车订单数据识别潜在定制公交需求，并采用DBSCAN-PAM聚类算法生成候选站点；第二阶段在车辆容量和运行约束下，构建以企业净收益最大化为目标的定制公交线路规划模型，并采用禁忌搜索算法优化线路方案；第三阶段引入碳交易机制，将碳价作为政策变量，构建多种碳交易情景，对不同线路方案及运营策略的经济与减排收益进行综合评估。【数据】以上海市网约车订单数据为基础，识别前往上海虹桥机场的潜在定制公交需求，并开展案例分析。【结果】碳价水平对定制公交的最优运营策略具有显著影响：在低碳价情景下，通过控制线路数量与发车频次可有效降低运营成本、提升企业净收益；而在高碳价情景下，短距离、高频次的运营模式在减排方面更具优势，其环境效益可抵消额外运营成本，从而实现更优的综合效益。【结论】研究验证了碳价作为政策调控工具在定制公交运营模式优化中的重要作用，表明将碳减排收益显式纳入交通系统优化模型具有必要性，可为低碳交通模式推广及相关政策制定提供理论依据与实践参考。
Abstract：[Objective] To address the urgent need for low-carbon transformation in the transportation sector, this study proposes a customized bus route-planning method that simultaneously considers economic performance and environmental benefits, aiming to ensure operational feasibility for enterprises while maximizing carbon emissions reduction. [Method] A three-stage optimization framework is developed to jointly address customized bus stop layout and route planning problems.In the first stage, ride-hailing order data are used to identify potential demand for customized bus services, and candidate stations are generated using the DBSCAN-PAM clustering algorithm. In the second stage, under vehicle capacity and operational constraints, a customized bus route-planning model is formulated with the objective of maximizing enterprise net benefits, and the Tabu search algorithm is employed to optimize route schemes. In the third stage, a carbon trading mechanism is introduced by treating carbon price as a policy variable, and multiple carbon pricing scenarios are constructed to comprehensively evaluate the economic performance and carbon reduction benefits of different route schemes and operation strategies. [Data] Taking the customized bus service to Shanghai Hongqiao Airport as a case study, demand mining and modeling are conducted based on the order data of ridehailing services in Shanghai. [Result] The findings reveal that carbon price levels have a significant impact on optimal customized bus operation strategies. Under low carbon-price scenarios, controlling the number of routes and service frequency can effectively reduce operating costs and improve enterprise net benefits. In contrast, under high carbon-price scenarios, short-distance and high-frequency operation modes exhibit superior emissions reduction performance, and the resulting environmental benefits are sufficient to offset additional operating costs, leading to improved overall benefits. [Conclusion] This study confirms the important role of carbon pricing as a policy instrument in optimizing customized bus operation modes and confirms the necessity of explicitly incorporating carbon emissions reduction benefits into transportation system optimization models. The proposed approach provides theoretical support and practical insights for promoting low-carbon transportation modes and informing related policy designs.
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基本信息:
DOI：10.19961/j.cnki.1672-4747.2025.08.016
中图分类号:U491.17;X322
引用信息:
[1]李文翔,刘蓓,赵瑞,等.考虑碳减排收益的定制公交线路规划与运营优化[J].交通运输工程与信息学报,2026,24(02):81-93.DOI:10.19961/j.cnki.1672-4747.2025.08.016.
基金信息:
国家自然科学基金项目（72471149）; 教育部人文社会科学研究项目（24YJCZH147）; 上海市哲学社会科学规划青年课题（2023ECK003）; 上海市教育委员会“人工智能促进科研范式改革赋能学科跃升计划专项”
2025-08-08
2025
2025-10-13
2026-03-02
2026
1
2025-10-20
2025-10-20
2025-10-20