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【背景】由于固定编组条件下地铁客货混运中的货运运力受客流水平与总运力限制，难以适配持续扩大的城市物流市场需求。【目标】面向多线路地铁网络，引入灵活编组的货运车厢，在保障客运服务水平的前提下提升客货混运地铁系统的盈利能力与货运服务能力。【方法】考虑客流需求和货运需求的时空异质性与不确定性，采用数据驱动的随机场景表征客流需求，并通过价格弹性的需求函数与硬时间窗刻画货运订单，构建以地铁利润最大化为目标的运力分配与定价联合优化模型，综合决策客货运力分配、货运车厢配置、货运定价及列级订单分配。【数据】基于北京地铁6号线和9号线的乘客刷卡数据及模拟货运数据开展算例分析。【结果】结果表明，灵活编组机制能够突破固定编组下的货运运力限制，提升地铁客货混运系统对不同物流市场需求的适应能力。随着物流市场需求规模增大，地铁利润和最优定价均呈增长趋势，且客流特征对客货混运系统运行具有显著影响。【应用】相关结果可为地铁客货混运组织模式优化、灵活编组车厢配置及运力扩展决策提供参考。
Abstract：[Background] Under fixed marshalling， freight capacity in metro mixed passenger-freight transport is constrained by passenger flow levels and total train capacity， making it difficult to accommodate the continuously growing demand of the urban logistics market. [Objective] For a multi-line metro network， flexible train marshalling with dedicated freight cars is introduced to enhance the profitability and freight service capability of the mixed passenger-freight metro system while maintaining passenger service levels. [Method] Considering the spatiotemporal heterogeneity and uncertainty of passenger and freight demand， passenger demand is characterized using data-driven stochastic scenarios， while freight demand is represented via a price-elastic demand function and hard time windows. A joint optimization model for capacity allocation and pricing is developed with the objective of maximizing metro profit， which comprehensively determines passenger-freight capacity allocation， freight train configuration， freight pricing， and train-level order allocation. [Data] A case study is conducted based on passenger smart card data from Beijing Metro Lines 6 and 9 and simulated freight data. [Result] The results show that the flexible train marshalling can overcome the freight capacity limitations imposed by fixed train marshalling and improve the adaptability of the mixed passenger-freight metro system to different logistics market demands. As the scale of logistics market demand increases， both metro profit and optimal pricing show an increasing trend， and passenger flow characteristics exert a significant impact on the operation of the mixed passenger-freight system. [Application] These findings can provide a reference for the optimization of mixed passenger-freight operation organization， flexible marshalling configuration of freight trains， and capacity expansion decision-making in metro systems.
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基本信息:
DOI：10.19961/j.cnki.1672-4747.2026.03.035
中图分类号:U292;F572
引用信息:
[1]王若水,郭欣,孙会君.考虑灵活编组的地铁客货运力分配与定价联合优化[J].交通运输工程与信息学报().DOI:10.19961/j.cnki.1672-4747.2026.03.035.
基金信息:
国家自然科学基金（72350710798，U2469201，72471020）
2026-04-30
2026-04-30
2026-04-30