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【背景】随着城市化进程的不断推进，我国都市圈数量和规模发展迅速，都市圈跨区域公交的可达性及其不均衡性，是影响城市居民出行公平性的主要因素。【目标】旨在探究都市圈通勤公交的可达性与公平性，以缓解区域间公交服务水平差异矛盾，提高社会公平性。【方法】在传统累计机会可达性模型基础上，引入城镇居民人均可支配收入、地铁与公交换乘机会数、企业与住宅兴趣点密度等社会经济与空间结构因子，构建融合社会公平性因素的通勤公交可达性分析模型，对交通资源配置公平性进行量化分析。【数据】公交站线空间位置数据，OpenStreetMap网站获取的道路数据，以及来自统计年鉴的城镇居民人均可支配收入数据、人口栅格数据和房价数据等。【结论】北京-北三县都市圈通勤可达性存在显著的中心-边缘差异，边缘地区机会获取相对不足。公交在长距离通勤中的覆盖更具包容性，能够在提升可达性的同时改善公平性。总体而言，北京可达性水平更高但资源分布不均带来公平短板，北三县在交通与居住空间配置上相对更均衡。【应用】空间供给上，以边缘-核心通勤走廊线路与班次为重点优化对象，强化快速连接，并向中低房价与需求集聚区倾斜公交资源，夯实北三县基础服务。运营管理上，推行差异化服务与智能调度，配套通勤优惠等需求管理措施，提升群体通达机会的公平性。
Abstract：[Background] Owing to ongoing urbanization, China's metropolitan areas have expanded rapidly in number and scale. Accessibility and inequality in cross-jurisdictional bus services within metropolitan areas have become major factors shaping transport equity for urban residents.[Objective] This study examines the accessibility and equity of commuting bus services in metropolitan areas. It aims to reduce the disparities in bus service levels across jurisdictions and promote social equity. [Method] Based on the conventional cumulative-opportunity accessibility model, this study incorporates socioeconomic and spatial structure factors such as the per capita disposable income of urban residents, the number of metro-bus transfer opportunities, and the point of interest(POI) density of firms and housing. Subsequently, a commuting bus accessibility framework that accounts for social equity is developed. Based on this framework, the equity of transport resource allocation is quantified. [Data] The spatial locations of bus stops and routes; road network data from OpenStreetMap; and the per capita disposable income of urban residents from statistical yearbooks,as well as gridded population and housing price data. [Conclusion] Commuting accessibility in the Beijing-Northern Three Counties metropolitan area shows a clear center-periphery divide, with peripheral areas indicating relatively limited access to opportunities. For long-distance commuting, bus services provide more inclusive coverage and can improve equity while increasing the overall accessibility. In general, Beijing has higher accessibility, although its uneven resource distribution creates an equity gap. Meanwhile, the Northern Three Counties show a more balanced spatial match between transport supply and housing. [Application] On the supply side, edge-core commuting corridors should be prioritized. Routes and headways should be optimized to strengthen rapid connections. To reinforce basic services in the Northern Three Counties, more bus resources should be directed to areas with low-to-mid housing prices and concentrated demand. On the operations side, differentiated services and smart scheduling should be implemented. These actions should be paired with demand-management tools such as commuter-fare discounts. Collectively, they can improve the equity of access opportunities across population groups in the metropolitan area.
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基本信息:
DOI：10.19961/j.cnki.1672-4747.2025.04.023
中图分类号:U491.17
引用信息:
[1]周雨阳,胡世龙,李资资,等.考虑社会公平性的都市圈通勤公交可达性评价[J].交通运输工程与信息学报,2026,24(02):1-10.DOI:10.19961/j.cnki.1672-4747.2025.04.023.
基金信息:
北京市自然科学基金-丰台轨道交通前沿研究联合基金项目(L231025); 教育部人文社会科学研究规划基金项目(23YJAZH228)
2025-04-25
2025
2025-05-08
2026-03-02
2026
1
2025-05-14
2025-05-14
2025-05-14