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【目标】准确刻画实际出行场景中出行者的长时拼车决策行为，揭示非理性心理特征，并优化奖励机制及其实施效果。【方法】基于瓶颈模型构建实验框架及奖励机制，开展长时交互实验，并结合前景理论，分析出行者在差异化奖励策略下的拼车决策演变及非理性表现。【结果】奖励拼车服务中，大部分出行者在面对损失时的决策变化幅度更大，反映出损失规避倾向。在驾龄1～3年、高收入、通勤天数较少且对奖励机制认知水平较高的女性群体中此损失规避倾向最为明显，而高频通勤者及高学历、低收入人群则未表现出显著特征。引入拼车匹配失败补偿机制后，出行者的拼车率进一步提高。【结论】验证了出行者的损失规避心理及因规避潜在成本增加（如时间延误、额外支出等）而放弃拼车的风险规避行为，进一步揭示了非理性心理的异质性特征及其对决策的影响。【应用】鉴于出行者非理性心理的异质性，提出精细化调整奖励策略，包括个性化奖励金额设置、补偿机制引入、信息反馈内容优化及匹配算法升级等措施，为精准、高效的拼车奖励策略设计提供理论支持与实践指导。
Abstract：[Objective] This study aims to accurately depict the long-term carpooling decision-making behaviors of travelers in real-world scenarios, identify irrational psychological traits, and optimize incentive mechanisms and their effects. [Methods] An experimental framework and incentive mechanism based on a bottleneck model are developed. Additionally, long-term interactive experiments are conducted using prospect theory to analyze the evolution of carpooling decisions and irrational behaviors under differentiated incentive strategies. [Results] In incentive-based carpooling services, most travelers exhibit greater decision fluctuations when encountering potential losses, thus highlighting loss-aversion psychology, particularly among women with one to three years of driving experience, high income, fewer commuting days, and greater awareness of the incentive mechanism.By contrast, groups such as high-frequency commuters and highly educated, low-income individuals show no significant traits. Introducing a compensation mechanism for carpooling-matching failures further increases carpooling rates. [Conclusion] The findings confirm loss-and risk-averse behaviors in avoiding carpooling to mitigate potential costs(e. g., time delays and additional expenses).[Applications] Considering the heterogeneous irrational characteristics of travelers, refined adjustments to incentive strategies, including personalized incentive amounts, introduction of compensation mechanisms, improved feedback content, and enhanced matching algorithms, can be proposed to provide theoretical support and practical guidance for designing precise and effective carpooling incentive strategies.
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基本信息:
DOI：10.19961/j.cnki.1672-4747.2024.08.015
中图分类号:U491
引用信息:
[1]付全路,肖琳,田野等.基于交互实验的长时拼车决策演变及非理性行为[J].交通运输工程与信息学报,2025,23(02):71-85.DOI:10.19961/j.cnki.1672-4747.2024.08.015.
基金信息:
国家自然科学基金项目（52402374,52002279）