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【背景】当前大流量、强耦合、持续增长的空中交通流和有限终端空域资源之间的矛盾促使未来空中交通管理需由人工经验型决策向数据驱动型决策转变。【方法】综合考虑航班速度调配、相对速度的时域安全间隔演变态势以及等待程序执行情况，提出了两种混合整数线性规划形式的终端空域航班调度模型，目标函数设置为最小化进离场航班累计调度时间偏差以及进场航班累计空中等待时长之和，并将终端空域航班运行复杂逻辑关系以及管制规则精确抽象为多元线性化约束限制。【数据】以成都天府国际机场为背景，分别选取常态、饱和和超负荷运行共计9组案例开展模拟仿真验证。【结果】所提模型无论受传统距离间隔约束限制或时域运行间隔约束限制，都可通过速度调配、等待程序及动态间隔等机动方式有效化解潜在冲突，输出安全高效的航班点时序调度方案。同时，将所提模型与传统三种调度模型进行多案例调度性能分析比较，对比发现融入速度优化和等待程序决策的终端空域航班调度模型性能最佳，实验中当允许航班变速范围为平均速度的±1%时，该模型目标函数相比于传统三类调度模型分别提升47.32%,32.55%,4.04%。【应应用用】文章所提模型有助于推动建立综合化的终端运行管理技术体系，促使形成以数字驱动为核心的交通流精细化控制能力。
Abstract：[Background] The increasing contradiction between high-volume, tightly coupled, and continuously increasing air-traffic flows and the limited capacity of terminal airspace necessitates a shift from human experience-based decision-making to a data-driven approach for future air-traffic management. [Methods] This article introduces key decision-making elements, such as speed, holding procedures, and dynamic spacing based on speed changes, as well as two terminal airspace flightscheduling models in the form of mixed-integer linear programming. To minimize the cumulative sched-uling-time deviation for arrival and departure flights and the cumulative airborne holding time for arriving flights, the complex logical relationships between flight operations and control rules in the terminal airspace are for-mulated as multiple linearization constraints. [Data] Based on the Chengdu Tianfu International Airport, normal, satu-rated, and overload operation cases are selected for simulation and verification. [Results] Experimental results show that the proposed models,whether constrained by conventional distance-based spacing or temporal operational spacing, effectively resolve potential conflicts while ensuring safe and efficient operations. Furthermore, the proposed models are compared with three conventional scheduling models in terms of scheduling performance across multiple cases. The comparison reveals that the terminal airspace flight-scheduling model incorporating speed optimization and holding-procedure decisions performs the best. In the experiments, when the flight allowable speed variation range is set as ±1% of the average speed, the results calculated using the objective function of this model improve by 47.32%, 32.55%, and 4.04%compared with those of three conventional scheduling models. Additionally, the average central processing unit(CPU) calculation time of the proposed models is recorded, which shows that approximately 84% of the cases are solvable within 30 s without employing a rolling time-domain control mechanism. [Application] These models contribute to the establishment of an integrated terminal airspace operation-management technology system and facilitate the development of refined trafficflow control capa-bilities centered on digitally driven cores.
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基本信息:
DOI：10.19961/j.cnki.1672-4747.2024.11.001
中图分类号:V355
引用信息:
[1]夏朝禹,刘卫东,胡明华等.考虑速度控制和等待程序利用的终端区空域运行优化[J].交通运输工程与信息学报,2025,23(02):171-188.DOI:10.19961/j.cnki.1672-4747.2024.11.001.
基金信息:
国家重点研发计划项目（2022YFB2602400）; 国家科技计划项目配套资助项目（2024-YF06-00016-JH）