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【背景】随着人工智能与物联网技术的深度融合，共享无人驾驶汽车正加速从实验场景走向城市交通系统，成为未来出行领域的重要发展方向，但在其高效运营和广泛推广的进程中，仍面临诸多挑战。【目的】针对共享无人驾驶汽车高速发展过程中面临的车辆资源与乘客需求分配不均等问题，提出了以社会福利最大化为目标的双向拍卖机制。【方法】构建基于混合“实时+预约”模式的共享无人驾驶汽车订单分配模型，设计时变评分函数以动态调整订单优先级，考虑供需情况制定支付规则以优化资源配置，引入滚动时域规划以缓解资源冲突，并结合改进遗传算法求解复杂约束下的最优匹配方案。【结果】数值实验表明，提出的混合“实时+预约”订单分配模型在实现最优社会福利值方面，分别优于实时机制与预约机制16.83%和51.87%，此外，改进的遗传算法在收敛速度与求解效率方面也优于传统遗传算法。【结论】研究表明，所提内容可以为共享无人驾驶汽车订单分配提供新的思路和方法，有助于提升平台资源配置效率和社会福利，推动共享无人驾驶汽车行业的快速发展。
Abstract：[Background] Owing to the deep integration of artificial intelligence and Internet of Things technology, shared autonomous vehicles are accelerating from experimental scenarios to urban transportation systems, thus signifying an important development direction in the future of travel. However, their efficient operation and widespread promotion are hindered by several challenges.[Objective] To address the uneven distribution of vehicle resources and passenger demand in the rapid development of shared driverless cars, a two-way auction mechanism is proposed to maximize social welfare. [Methods] An order-allocation model for shared driverless cars is developed based on a hybrid“real-time + reservation”mode, a time-varying scoring function is designed to dynamically adjust the order priority, payment rules are formulated to optimize resource allocation while considering supply and demand, and rolling time-domain planning is introduced to alleviate resource conflicts. Additionally, an improved genetic algorithm is proposed to solve the optimal matching scheme under complex constraints. [Results] The performance of the proposed hybrid“real-time + reservation”order-allocation model is superior to that of real-time and reservation mechanisms by 16.83%and 51.87%, respectively, and the improved genetic algorithm is superior to the conventional genetic algorithm in terms of convergence speed and solving efficiency. [Conclusions] The proposed model can provide new ideas and methods for the order allocation of shared driverless cars, improve the efficiency of platform resource allocation and social welfare, and promote the rapid development of the shared autonomous vehicle industry.
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基本信息:
DOI：10.19961/j.cnki.1672-4747.2025.02.008
中图分类号:U495
引用信息:
[1]任文杰,王静,辜继东等.“实时+预约”模式下共享无人驾驶汽车订单双向拍卖模型[J].交通运输工程与信息学报,2025,23(02):86-96.DOI:10.19961/j.cnki.1672-4747.2025.02.008.
基金信息:
中国博士后科学基金面上资助项目（2024MD764029）; 重庆市建设科技计划项目（城科字2023第1-6号）; 2024年重庆交通大学研究生科创项目（2024S0073）