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【背景】随着城市交通拥堵问题日益严重，飞行汽车作为一种新型空中交通工具，能够有效缓解地面交通压力，但其停机坪的选址布局仍缺乏系统化研究，难以满足个性化的服务需求。【目标】本文旨在解决城市飞行汽车停机坪的选址优化问题，在考虑停机坪异质性的基础上，构建轴辐式网络结构，平衡建设成本、服务效率与安全裕度等多重目标，为城市飞行汽车停机坪的科学布局提供理论支撑。【方法】提出一种面向轴辐式网络的多目标优化方法，建立多目标规划模型，考虑建设成本、剩余未覆盖需求、总飞行时间、飞行汽车数量及配属关系惩罚，确定一级和二级停机坪的最优位置及配属关系，并且规划不同等级停机坪间的飞行路径，最终通过模拟退火算法和贪心算法结合局部搜索的混合方法求解优化问题。【数据】利用公开的Chicago Sketch网络及相关数据，并考虑一级停机坪建设数量及不同目标权重比。【结果】研究表明，轴辐式网络结构显著降低了停机坪建设成本，当一级停机坪数量为5个时，系统在性能和成本之间达到较好平衡。最优方案下，系统总飞行时间为279.8 min，平均每条路径飞行时间为46.7min，能够保证22.3%的能源安全裕度。
Abstract：[Background] Novel, low-altitude transportation systems based on flying cars can potentially alleviate ground-traffic pressure(caused by increasing, severe, urban-traffic congestion).Personalized service demands require systematic research on vertiport siting(selection and layout).[Objective] This study addressed optimal vertiport-siting requirements in urban environments. To balance multiple objectives, such as construction costs, service efficiency, and safety margins, a huband-spoke network architecture incorporating vertiport heterogeneity was constructed. A theoretical foundation for scientifically informed urban vertiport siting was thereby provided. [Methods] A twostage optimization framework was proposed. Phase Ⅰ: a multi-objective programming model was developed to determine the optimal locations and affiliation relationships for primary and secondary vertiports, incorporating construction, coverage, and linkage costs. Phase Ⅱ: a route-planning model was formulated with to minimize total flight time, fleet size, and affiliation penalty. The optimization problem was solved using a hybrid approach that integrates simulated annealing, greedy algorithms,and local search strategies. [Data] The publicly available Chicago-Sketch network and related data were used, and the number of primary vertiports constructions and weighting ratio of different targets were considered. [Results] Our research demonstrated that the hub-and-spoke network structure significantly reduced vertiport construction costs, and the system achieved an optimal balance between performance and cost when five primary vertiports are deployed. Under the optimal configuration,the total flight time was 210.4 minutes, with an average flight time of 46.7 minutes per route, ensuring a 22.3% energy safety margin.
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基本信息:
DOI：10.19961/j.cnki.1672-4747.2025.04.007
中图分类号:V351
引用信息:
[1]尹浩东,沈燕,屈姝含等.城市飞行汽车停机坪选址问题研究二：面向轴辐式网络的多目标优化方法[J].交通运输工程与信息学报,2025,23(03):88-102.DOI:10.19961/j.cnki.1672-4747.2025.04.007.
基金信息:
中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助(2025JBZY017); 北京市自然科学基金资助项目(L241036)