武汉理工大学,交通与物流工程学院;武汉理工大学襄阳示范区;交通运输部科学研究院,城市交通与轨道交通研究中心;重庆市公共交通控股(集团)有限公司;
公交驾驶员心理健康是公交营运安全的重要因素。本文从公交驾驶员的职业心理问题现状出发,探讨了公交驾驶员职业心理问题的影响因素及现行的干预措施,最后指出公交驾驶员职业心理问题现有研究的侧重和未来发展方向。在公交驾驶员职业心理问题现状方面,本文首先基于VOSviewer从现有研究中提取出5种典型公交驾驶员职业心理问题,分别为抑郁、焦虑、躯体化症状、职业倦怠和其他职业心理问题;其次分别阐述了不同种类职业心理问题的危害,并利用Meta分析发现躯体化症状、焦虑、抑郁与常模之间差异显著。在职业心理问题的影响因素方面,本文对25篇文献进行综合分析后将职业心理问题影响因素归纳为个人属性因素和职业特征因素两类:个人属性因素主要包括人口统计学特征、人格特质和生活习惯;职业特征因素主要包括工作压力、工作时长、工作环境和工作待遇。在职业心理问题干预措施方面,现行干预主要有公交企业对公交驾驶员进行心理检测和评估、开展定期心理培训和提高福利待遇等三方面措施,并以入职前的心理检测和评估为主。
804 | 1 | 3 |
下载次数 | 被引频次 | 阅读次数 |
[1] LI J, ZHOU Y, GE Y, et al. Sensation seeking predicts risky driving behavior:the mediating role of difficulties in emotion regulation[J]. Risk Analysis, 2023, 43(19):1871-1886.
[2]宁维卫,李斌,罗瑶,等.公交驾驶员安全心智量表的编制[J].西南交通大学学报(社会科学版), 2021, 22(5):9-16.NING Wei-wei, LI Bin, LUO Yao, et al. Development of the safety mind scale for bus drivers[J]. Journal of Southwest Jiaotong University(Social Sciences), 2021, 22(5):9-16.
[3]李蓉.关于公交驾驶员心理健康管理的实践与思考——以南京江宁公交集团为例[J].人民公交, 2021(1):52-56.
[4]周虹,王偲怡,周芸竹,等.公交驾驶员乘客困扰、应对方式与一般心理健康状况的关系研究[J].现代预防医学, 2020, 47(2):300-304.ZHOU Hong, WANG Si-yi, ZHOU Yun-zhu, et al. The relationships between bus drivers coping for passengers’hassles and general mental health[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2020, 47(2):300-304.
[5]郝树伟,周丽丽,孙树勇,等.公务员心理健康、职业倦怠现状及影响因素[J].中国健康心理学杂志, 2014, 22(6):844-846.HAO Shu-wei, ZHOU Li-li, SUN Shu-yong, et al. Mental health, job burnout of civil servants and their influencing factors[J]. China Journal of Health Psychology, 2014, 22(6):844-846.
[6]车文博.心理咨询大百科全书[M].杭州:浙江科学技术出版社, 2001.CHE Wen-bo. Encyclopeclia of psychological counseling[M]. Hangzhou:Zhejiang Science and Technology Publishing House, 2001.
[7]江开达.精神病学[M].北京:人民卫生出版社, 2005.
[8]乔丹丹.模拟驾驶仪评估轻中度慢性失眠及伴轻中度焦虑抑郁患者驾驶能力的研究[D].天津:天津医科大学, 2019.QIAO Dan-dan. Study on evaluation of driving ability in patients with mild to moderate chronic insomnia and patients companied with mild to moderate anxiety and depression by driving simulator[D]. Tianjin:Tianjin Medical University, 2019.
[9] PIWONSKI J, PIWONSKA A, SYGNOWSKA E. Is there an association between depressive symptoms and coronary artery disease in the Polish adult population?[J]. Kardiologia Polska, 2014, 72(1):50-55.
[10] NICHOLSON A, KUPER H, HEMINGWAY H. Depression as an aetiologic and prognostic factor in coronary heart disease:a meta-analysis of 6362 events among146538 participants in 54 observational studies[J]. European Heart Journal, 2006, 27(23):2763-2774.
[11] TSE J L M, FILN R, MEARNS K. Bus driver well-being review:50 years of research[J]. Transportation Research Part F:Traffic Psychology and Behaviour, 2006, 9(2):89-114.
[12]姜志文,秦江峰,卢康,等.安徽省合肥市公交车驾驶员慢性疾病的现况调查[J].上海预防医学, 2021, 33(12):1154-1158.JIANG Zhi-wen, QIN Jiang-feng, LU Kang, et al. Prevalence of chronic diseases among bus drivers in Hefei,Anhui[J]. Shanghai Journal of Preventive Medicine,2021, 33(12):1154-1158.
[13]张玲,郝凤仪,蒋晓江,等.重庆市公交驾驶员睡眠质量及其与职业健康的关系[J].中华诊断学电子杂志,2019, 7(4):279-283.ZHANG Ling, HAO Feng-yi, JIANG Xiao-jiang, et al.Sleep quality and its relationship with occupational health of bus drivers in Chongqing[J]. Chinese Journal of Diagnostics(Electronic Edition), 2019, 7(4):279-283.
[14]刘堂龙,胡恒章,陈亚萍,等.宁波公交汽车131例驾驶员心理健康状况的调查与分析[J].中国现代医生,2011, 49(20):126-127,140.LIU Tang-long, HU Heng-zhang, CHEN Ya-ping, et al.The psychological investigation and analysis of bus drivers in Ningbo[J]. China Modern Doctor, 2011, 49(20):126-127,140.
[15]商学良,尤聪颖,何子烨,等.唐山市公交车司机心理健康状况及影响因素[J].中国健康心理学杂志, 2020,28(5):728-733.SHANG Xue-liang, YOU Cong-ying, HE Zi-ye, et al.Study on mental health and its influencing factors of Tangshan bus driver[J]. China Journal of Health Psychology, 2020, 28(5):728-733.
[16]陈欢,王小月,吴福霜,等.长沙市公交车司机心理资本、应对方式和心理健康水平的关系[J].四川精神卫生, 2017, 30(2):163-167.CHEN Huan, WANG Xiao-yue, WU Fu-shuang, et al.Study on the relationship of psychological capital, coping style and mental health among bus drivers of Changsha City[J]. Sichuan Mental Health, 2017, 30(2):163-167.
[17]李剑,王杏云,李秀央,等.公交司机付出-获得不平衡与抑郁症状关系[J].中国公共卫生, 2009, 25(6):681-682.LI Jian, WANG Xing-yun, LI Xiu-yang, et al. Association between effort-reward imbalance and depressive symptom among bus-drivers[J]. Chinese Journal of Public Health, 2009, 25(6):681-682.
[18]金华,吴文源,张明园.中国正常人SCL-90评定结果的初步分析[J].中国神经精神疾病杂志, 1986(5):260-263.
[19]钟媛,徐一雷,张立.重庆市职业性公交车驾驶员心理健康调查及其影响因素分析[J].现代医药卫生, 2021,37(17):2902-2904, 2908.ZHONG Yuan, XU Yi-lei, ZHANG Li. Investigation on mental health of professional bus drivers in Chongqing and analysis of its influencing factors[J]. Journal of Modern Medicine&Health, 2021, 37(17):2902-2904,2908.
[20]李梦倩,王星,周娟,等.南昌市公交车司机人格特征与心理健康状况[J].现代预防医学, 2008, 35(8):1515-1516.LI Meng-qian, WANG Xing, ZHOU Juan, et al. Study on the personality and mental health of the bus drivers in Nanchang[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2008, 35(8):1515-1516.
[21] WANG X, WANG K, HUANG K, et al. The association between demographic characteristics, personality, and mental health of bus drivers in China:a structural equation model[J]. Physiology&Behavior, 2021, 229:113247.
[22]蒲明慧,刘春洁,陈玮,等.公交车驾驶员冲动性与心理健康的相关性研究[J].交通医学, 2017, 31(1):50-52.PU Ming-hui, LIU Chun-jie, CHEN Wei, et al. Correlation between impulsivity and mental health among bus drivers[J]. Medical Journal of Communications, 2017, 31(1):50-52.
[23]邱兴旺,孙香萍.近10年中国岛礁驻守部队官兵SCL-90结果的Meta分析[J].中国健康心理学杂志, 2021,29(6):912-918.QIU Xing-wang, SUN Xiang-ping. Meta-analysis of SCL-90 survey results of Chinese servicemen stationed on islands and reefs in recent ten years[J]. China Journal of Health Psychology, 2021, 29(6):912-918.
[24]何伋.内科诊疗学[M].济南:山东科学技术出版社,1996:465-466.
[25] CHALMERS T, LAL S. Assessing cardiovascular links to depression and anxiety in Australian professional drivers[J]. Journal of Integrative Neuroscience, 2022, 21(1):43.
[26] MALAN L, MALAN N T. Emotional stress as a risk for hypertension in sub-saharan africans:are we ignoring the odds?[M]//Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology. Cham:Springer International Publishing, 2016:497-510.
[27] IFEAGWAZI C M, EGBERI H E, CHUKWUORJI J C.Emotional reactivity and blood pressure elevations:anxiety as a mediator[J]. Psychology, Health&Medicine,2018, 23(5):585-592.
[28]纪春磊,吴娜.驾驶员人格特质与焦虑的关系[J].中国健康心理学杂志, 2016, 24(8):1148-1151.JI Chun-lei, WU Na. The relationship between personality trait and psychological anxiety of the driver[J]. China Journal of Health Psychology, 2016, 24(8):1148-1151.
[29] DULA C S, ADAMS C L, MIESNER M T, et al. Examining relationships between anxiety and dangerous driving[J]. Accident Analysis&Prevention, 2010, 42(6):2050-2056.
[30] HUANG A, LIU L, WANG X, et al. Trajectories of job burnout among bus drivers in China:a three-year followup study[J]. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 2022, 19(24):17098.
[31] ISSEVER H, ONEN L, SABUNCU H H, et al. Personality characteristics, psychological symptoms and anxiety levels of drivers in charge of urban transportation in Istanbul[J]. Occupational Medicine, 2002, 52(6):297-303.
[32]何伋.神经精神病学辞典[M].北京:中国中医药出版社, 1998.
[33]彭中全,钟媛,罗东,等.重庆市职业性公交车驾驶员职业健康现状调查分析[J].现代医药卫生, 2019,35(6):882-884.
[34] FREUDENBERGER H J. Staff burn-out[J]. Journal of Social Issues, 1974, 30(1):159-165.
[35]郭思,钟建安.职业倦怠的干预研究述评[J].心理科学, 2004, 27(4):931-933.GUO Si, ZHONG Jian-an. About the studies of the intervention of job burnout[J]. Psychological Science, 2004,27(4):931-933.
[36]谭阳,魏华,陈乐乐,等.公交车驾驶员压力知觉和抑郁的关系:一个有调节的中介效应模型[J].心理学通讯, 2022, 5(1):40-49.TAN Yang, WEI Hua, CHEN Le-le, et al. Effect of stress perception on depression in bus drivers in Jiangsu Province:a moderated mediation model[J]. Psychological Communications, 2022, 5(1):40-49.
[37] SHI X, ZHANG L. Effects of altruism and burnout on driving behavior of bus drivers[J]. Accident Analysis&Prevention, 2017, 102:110-115.
[38]马雪铭,李婵,江展,等.公交车驾驶人组织认同感和工作倦怠对不良驾驶行为的影响[J].中国公路学报,2020, 33(6):224-234.MA Xue-ming, LI Chan, JIANG Zhan, et al. Effect of organizational identity and job burnout on aberrant driving behavior of bus drivers[J]. China Journal of Highway and Transport, 2020, 33(6):224-234.
[39]陶建刚,徐静英,李源,等.公交司机职业倦怠和攻击性驾驶行为中心理健康中介作用[J].中国职业医学,2021, 48(3):297-300.TAO Jian-gang, XU Jing-ying, LI Yuan, et al. Mediating effect of mental health on job burnout and aggressive driving behavior in bus drivers[J]. China Occupational Medicine, 2021, 48(3):297-300.
[40] TAYLOR A H, DORN L. Stress, fatigue, health, and risk of road traffic accidents among professional drivers:the contribution of physical inactivity[J]. Annual Review of Public Health, 2006, 27:371-391.
[41]王偲怡,周虹,周芸竹,等.公交驾驶员职业倦怠与心理健康状况的关系研究[J].现代预防医学, 2020, 47(1):35-39.WANG Si-yi, ZHOU Hong, ZHOU Yun-zhu, et al. Relationship between bus drivers’job burnout and mental health status[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2020, 47(1):35-39.
[42]李孜佳,顾海根.公交车驾驶员工作倦怠问题研究[J].山东交通学院学报, 2009, 17(2):10-15.LI Zi-jia, GU Hai-gen. Research on bus drivers’job burnout[J]. Journal of Shandong Jiaotong University,2009, 17(2):10-15.
[43] INNSTRAND S T, LANGBALLE E M, FALKUM E, et al. Exploring within-and between-gender differences in burnout:8 different occupational groups[J]. International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health,2011, 84(7):813-824.
[44]李超平,时勘.分配公平与程序公平对工作倦怠的影响[J].心理学报, 2003, 35(5):677-684.LI Chao-ping, SHI Kan. The influence of distributive justice and procedural justi ce on job burnout[J]. Acta Psychologica Sinica, 2003, 35(5):677-684.
[45]邓院昌,金杰灵.关于驾驶员“路怒症”的研究综述[J].重庆交通大学学报(自然科学版), 2018, 37(11):105-111.DENG Yuan-chang, JIN Jie-ling. Review on driver’s road rage[J]. Journal of Chongqing Jiaotong University(Natural Science), 2018, 37(11):105-111.
[46] FEI G, ZHANG X, YANG Y, et al. Driving anger among motor vehicle drivers in China:a cross-sectional survey[J]. Traffic Injury Prevention, 2019, 20(6):570-574.
[47]严利鑫,吴超仲,高嵩,等.驾驶人个体因素对驾驶愤怒情绪影响关系研究[J].交通信息与安全, 2013, 31(6):119-124.YAN Li-xin, WU Chao-zhong, GAO Song, et al. Relationship between driver’s temperament and driving anger[J]. Journal of Transport Information and Safety,2013, 31(6):119-124.
[48]李瑞瑞,王雪松,高岩.车队安全氛围与驾驶员个人特征对公交汽车事故的影响[J].交通信息与安全, 2019,37(5):33-39, 106.LI Rui-rui, WANG Xue-song, GAO Yan. Influences of safety climate of bus fleets and individual characteristics of drivers on bus involved accidents[J]. Journal of Transport Information and Safety, 2019, 37(5):33-39, 106.
[49]雷虎.愤怒情绪下的汽车驾驶行为特征及其对交通安全的影响研究[D].武汉:武汉理工大学,2011.LEI Hu. The characteristics of angry driving behaviors and its effects on traffic safety[D]. Wuhan:Wuhan University of Technology, 2011.
[50]任高晓,常若松.基于驾驶风格的公交车驾驶员事故率对比研究[J].人类工效学, 2020, 26(6):21-24.REN Gao-xiao, CHANG Ruo-song. A comparative study of accident rates based on bus driving styles[J]. Chinese Journal of Ergonomics, 2020, 26(6):21-24.
[51] DEKEL R, MONSON C M. Military-related post-traumatic stress disorder and family relations:current knowledge and future directions[J]. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 2010, 15(4):303-309.
[52] VEDANTHAM K, BRUNET A, BOYER R, et al. Posttraumatic stress disorder, trauma exposure, and the current health of Canadian bus drivers[J]. The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 2001, 46(2):149-155.
[53] ZHOU B, BOYER R, GUAY S. Dangers on the road:a longitudinal examination of passenger-initiated violence against bus drivers[J]. Stress and Health:Journal of the International Society for the Investigation of Stress,2018, 34(2):253-265.
[54]冯小伟,刘路.老年人公交出行特征及引导策略研究综述[J].交通运输工程与信息学报,2023,21(1):29-48.FENG Xiao-wei, LIU Lu. A review on the characteristics and guidance strategies of bus travel for the elderly[J].Journal of Transportation Engineering and Information,2023, 21(1):29-48.
[55]贾云帆,张李斌,段亚妮,等.驾驶人员路怒情绪与驾驶风格及攻击行为相关分析[J].中国公共卫生, 2016, 32(10):1373-1377.JIA Yun-fan, ZHANG Li-bin, DUAN Ya-ni, et al. Associations of anger while driving and driving style with aggressive behaviors in drivers[J]. Chinese Journal of Public Health, 2016, 32(10):1373-1377.
[56] GONZáLEZ-IGLESIAS B, GóMEZ-FRAGUELA J A,LUENGO-MARTíN Má. Driving anger and traffic violations:gender differences[J]. Transportation Research Part F:Traffic Psychology and Behaviour, 2012, 15(4):404-412.
[57]马欢.抑郁症病因病机研究探析[J].辽宁中医杂志,2005, 32(6):537-538.
[58] TU Z H, HE J W, ZHOU N, et al. Driver-passenger communicative stress and psychological distress among Chinese bus drivers:the mediating effect of job burnout[J].BMC Public Health, 2021, 21(1):547.
[59] WICKENS C M, MANN R E, STODUTO G, et al. Age group differences in self-reported aggressive driving perpetration and victimization[J]. Transportation Research Part F:Traffic Psychology and Behaviour, 2011, 14(5):400-412.
[60]冯慧聪,陶云.公交司机自尊与心理健康和职业倦怠的关系探讨[C]//第十二届全国心理学学术大会论文摘要集.济南:山东师范大学, 2009:539.
[61]万正维,浦赛,毛敏.公交车司机心理健康状况调查与分析——以成都地区为例[J].成都大学学报(社会科学版), 2013(3):1-4.WAN Zheng-wei, PU Sai, MAO Min. A survey&analysis of bus drivers mental health status—taking bus drivers in Chengdu as an example[J]. Journal of Chengdu University(Social Sciences), 2013(3):1-4.
[62]李琼,汪勇杰,陈文强,等.公交驾驶员组织认同感对驾驶愤怒的影响:职业倦怠的中介作用[J].中国安全科学学报, 2022, 32(5):8-13.LI Qiong, WANG Yong-jie, CHEN Wen-qiang, et al. Impact of bus drivers’organizational identity on driving anger:mediating role of burnout[J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2022, 32(5):8-13.
[63]张名芳,马艳华,吴初娜,等.公交驾驶员心理状况影响因素分析与疾病判别模型[J].交通运输系统工程与信息, 2021, 21(6):96-104.ZHANG Ming-fang, MA Yan-hua, WU Chu-na, et al. Influencing factors of bus drivers’psychological status and disease discrimination[J]. Journal of Transportation Systems Engineering and Information Technology,2021, 21(6):96-104.
[64]刘志怀.新时期公交驾驶员心理健康问题浅析及对策——以赣州公交驾驶员为例[J].人民公交, 2018(2):76-78.
[65] LIN Q, DENG Y. A study on bus drivers’driving anger[C]//2019 5th International Conference on Transportation Information and Safety(ICTIS). Liverpool:IEEE,2019:62-67.
[66]朱春莹,王玉花,刘志宏,等.公交车驾驶员人格、交通事故与职业压力的关系研究[J].齐齐哈尔医学院学报, 2014, 35(3):324-326.
[67] MALLIA L, LAZURAS L, VIOLANI C, et al. Crash risk and aberrant driving behaviors among bus drivers:the role of personality and attitudes towards traffic safety[J]. Accident Analysis&Prevention, 2015, 79:145-151.
[68]张育红,岳峰琴,李凤芝,等.驾驶紧张对公交驾驶员心血管功能的影响[J].中国工业医学杂志, 2004, 17(5):323-324.ZHANG Yu-hong, YUE Feng-qin, LI Feng-zhi, et al.The effects of driving stress on cardiovascular function of bus driver[J]. Chinese Journal of Industrial Medicine,2004, 17(5):323-324.
[69]麦曦耀,李春梅,唐国威,等.广州市公交车司机心理焦虑情况调查与研究[J].城市公共交通, 2020(4):38-43.MAI Xi-yao, LI Chun-mei, TANG Guo-wei, et al. Investigation and study on the psychological anxiety of bus drivers in Guangzhou[J]. Urban Public Transport, 2020(4):38-43.
[70] USECHE S A, CENDALES B, MONTORO L, et al.Work stress and health problems of professional drivers:a hazardous formula for their safety outcomes[J]. PeerJ,2018, 6:e6249.
[71] VIRTANEN M, HONKONEN T, KIVIM?KI M, et al.Work stress, mental health and antidepressant medication findings from the Health 2000 Study[J]. Journal of Affective Disorders, 2007, 98(3):189-197.
[72] MACHIN M A, HOARE P N. The role of workload and driver coping styles in predicting bus drivers’need for recovery, positive and negative affect, and physical symptoms[J]. Anxiety, Stress&Coping, 2008, 21(4):359-375.
[73]郑闽峰.论如何开展驾驶员心理健康援助[J].人民公交, 2020(9):66-69.
[74] BERGOMI M, MODENESE A, FERRETTI E, et al.Work-related stress and role of personality in a sample of Italian bus drivers[J]. Work, 2017, 57(3):433-440.
[75] CHEN M J, CUNRADI C. Job stress, burnout and substance use among urban transit operators:the potential mediating role of coping behaviour[J]. Work&Stress,2008, 22(4):327-340.
[76] WALLACE S L, LEE J, LEE S M. Job stress, coping strategies, and burnout among abuse-specific counselors[J]. Journal of Employment Counseling, 2010, 47(3):111-122.
[77] ZHANG N, CHENG P, NING P, et al. Conflicts between bus drivers and passengers in Changsha, China[J]. Accident Analysis&Prevention, 2022, 169:106623.
[78] SHIN D S, JEONG B Y. Structural equation model of work situation and work-family conflict on depression and work engagement in commercial motor vehicle(CMV)Drivers[J]. Applied Sciences, 2021, 11(13):5822.
[79]蔡少渠.心理健康:公交驾驶员不应忽视的话题[J].人民公交, 2020(10):51-53.
[80]杨晶.集团公司首个职工心理健康服务(EAP)工作站建成[J].城市公共交通, 2018(1):40.
[81]杨健,张春宜,苏慧婷.打造职工心理健康管理机制促进企业和谐健康发展——佛山市南海佛广交通集团有限公司创新职工情绪管理工作纪实[J].城市公共交通, 2021(3):23-25.
[82]孙翠柏,刘国清,李薇,等.心理干预在公交司机心理素质训练中的应用探讨[J].西部医学, 2013, 25(2):294-296.SUN Cui-bai, LIU Guo-qing, LI Wei, et al. Psychological intervention in bus driver mental quality training in the application of[J]. Medical Journal of West China,2013, 25(2):294-296.
[83] FENG Z, ZHAN J, MA C, et al. Is cognitive intervention or forgiveness intervention more effective for the reduction of driving anger in Chinese bus drivers?[J]. Transportation Research Part F:Traffic Psychology and Behaviour, 2018, 55:101-113.
[84]尉丽君.驾驶员心理健康管理的新思路——绍兴公交集团第二有限公司全面推进驾驶员家访工作[J].人民公交, 2020(12):79-81.
[85] ZHONG B, WANG X, YANG F. More than an apple:better lunch enhances bus drivers’work performance and well-being[J]. International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics, 2021, 27(3):874-883.
基本信息:
DOI:10.19961/j.cnki.1672-4747.2023.03.010
中图分类号:B842;F572.6
引用信息:
[1]葛姝欣,陈国俊,刘好德等.公交驾驶员职业心理问题研究综述[J].交通运输工程与信息学报,2023,21(04):75-91.DOI:10.19961/j.cnki.1672-4747.2023.03.010.
基金信息:
国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFC3001500); 武汉理工大学襄阳示范区研究生创新实践项目(XYDZ-2022B01)