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【背景】随着城市空中交通（UAM）的不断发展，垂直起降场作为UAM体系的重要节点，正处于技术革新与建设推进的重要发展阶段。【目标】构建多约束下的无人机起降联合调度模型，旨在提升垂直起降空域的调度经济性，有效平衡无人机运行的安全性、时效性与运营成本。【方法】基于漏斗形空域结构，通过高度分层与路径网络实现进离场分离，并采用双扰动机制的模拟退火算法进行模型求解与仿真试验。【结果】分析表明：水平宽大-纵向低矮的空域结构在相同容量下成本缩减46%～53%；安全间隔时间增加（2～20 s）导致成本增加3.9%，检查时间对成本呈非线性影响且在高安全间隔时更显著。【结论】本文提出的水平宽大-纵向低矮空域结构与联合调度模型有效平衡了规模化无人机运行的安全性、时效性与经济性。【应用】关键时间参数（安全间隔时间、检查时间）的分析结果为满足差异化运营需求的参数配置提供了决策支持。
Abstract：[Background] The rapid growth of urban air mobility(UAM) has positioned vertical takeoff and landing sites as essential infrastructural nodes where system design, technological innovation, and operational management intersect. [Objective] This study develops a joint scheduling model for dual-target takeoff and landing of unmanned aerial vehicles(UAV) aircraft under multiple operational constraints. The aim is to enhance the economic efficiency of funnel-shaped airspace structures while maintaining safety and service reliability. [Method] A funnel-shaped airspace model was constructed using vertical stratification and path-network design to achieve takeoff-landing separation. The resulting scheduling problem was solved and simulated using a simulated annealing(SA)algorithm with a dual-disturbance mechanism to improve optimization performance. [Results] Simulation analysis indicates that adopting a wide-and-low funnel-shaped airspace reduces operational costs by 46%～53%. Increasing the safety interval from 2 s to 20 s results in a 3.9% cost increase,while inspection times exert a nonlinear effect on costs, with greater sensitivity observed at longer safety intervals. [Conclusion] The proposed joint scheduling model, combined with a wide-level and low-height airspace configuration, effectively balances safety, operational timeliness, and economic performance for large-scale UAV deployment. [Application] The parametric evaluation of safety intervals and inspection times provides decision support for airspace planners and operators, enabling data-driven configuration of operational parameters to accommodate differentiated mission requirements in UAM environments.
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基本信息:
DOI：10.19961/j.cnki.1672-4747.2025.06.024
中图分类号:V355.1
引用信息:
[1]包丹文,尚静萱,韦达,等.漏斗形空域结构下无人机双目标起降联合调度模型[J].交通运输工程与信息学报,2025,23(04):36-49.DOI:10.19961/j.cnki.1672-4747.2025.06.024.
基金信息:
国家自然科学基金重点项目（U2433204）; 校创新计划项目（xcxjh20240716）