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随着实验经济学与行为经济学的发展，策略性出行选择行为的实验研究成为交通管理与经济学交叉的热点问题之一。首先，本文从研究方法论和学科发展历程的角度，探讨了实验经济学研究方法应用于交通行为研究的优势和适用性。实验室实验方法具有实施成本低、条件可控、可复制性强、结论内部有效性高的优点，可以作为包括实地调查和实证观测等各类实证研究的起点。其次，综述了实验室实验方法融入和推动出行者路径选择、出行方式选择与出发时间选择等行为研究的进展，并从实验设计中的控制变量（环境或外生变量）、操纵变量（自变量）、观测变量（因变量）三个维度出发，归纳了最近五年的实验研究趋势：（1）对环境变量的设定更趋丰富；（2）对交通需求管理政策的影响评估热度不减；（3）更加关注出行方式和出发时间选择。最后，本文对未来研究提出了五点建议：改变实验控制、放松实验假设、考虑组合决策、注重实验和理论之间的“对话”、评估政策干预或“助推”的效果，从而能够不断检验实验结论的稳健性、外部有效性，并推动理论研究与实证研究之间互相启发、互相促进，为交通管理政策的制定提供真实可靠的微观行为基础和有力有效的影响评估方法。
Abstract：In transportation and communication networks where route choices are decentralized, utility-maximizing players facing strategic uncertainty often strive to avoid congestion. With the development of the experimental economics methodology, laboratory experiments on travel choice decisions/behavior fall at the intersection of behavioral economics, transportation science, computer science,and operations management. This study briefly summarizes the development history of the experimental economics methodology and discusses its applicability in travel behavior research. In addition, this study reviews the latest experimental research of traveler's route, travel mode, and departure time choices; and summarizes the research trend in the last five years. Finally, this study offers five suggestions for future research: manipulating experimental control variables, relaxing experimental assumptions, considering combined decision-making behavior, examining the interactions between experiments and theories, and evaluating the effectiveness of policy“nudge”. They would test the robustness and external effectiveness of experimental conclusions and promote inspiration and promotion between theoretical and empirical research. Researchers should utilize laboratory experiments to probe individual behavior and assess the impacts of traffic management policies on travelers.
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①这种分类与文献[3]的分类方法在本质上是一致的。
①实地实验/田野实验是介于实验室实验和实地观测方法之间的实验方法，区别于完全基于现实交通场景所自然产生数据的实证观测方法。虚拟现实实验，通常是指在驾驶仪仿真器上进行的，或利用虚拟现实设备进行的实验活动，是介于实验室实验和实地实验之间的实验方法。
②内部有效性或者内部效度是指能够正确地将某个观测现象或结果归因到某一种特定的被研究因素上去，而能够最大程度地避免错误地归因到其他的干扰因素或控制变量上面去。外部有效性是指基于有限的样本中得出的研究结论推广到更为一般的总体中去而仍然能够成立。
③图片来源于文献[3]中图3。
基本信息:
DOI：10.19961/j.cnki.1672-4747.2022.04.003
中图分类号:F512;U491
引用信息:
[1]齐航,于跃洋,王光超,等.策略性交通出行选择行为研究评述：实验经济学方法的应用[J],2022,20(03):141-153.DOI:10.19961/j.cnki.1672-4747.2022.04.003.
基金信息:
国家自然科学基金项目（71801106,72101085）;; 湖北省自然科学基金项目（2021CFB287）;; 湖北省教育厅哲学社会科学研究基金项目（20Q119）;; 华中师范大学青年团队项目（CCNU20TD004）