交通运输工程与信息学报

【背景】城市公共交通站点空间布局的合理性对于改善城市公共交通服务质量、提高居民生活品质具有重要意义。然而，现有研究方法中较少分析居民出行全链条视角的站点可达性时态特性。【目标】从居民出行视角，研究衔接“站域-站间”出行链的公共交通多出行时段、出行时间阈值的站点可达性评价方法。【方法】首先，建立多出行时段、出行时间阈值情景下的公共交通出行累计机会值模型，从站域和站间两个层面定量评价站点的出发可达性和目的可达性；其次，设计站点吸引指数计算方法，用于表征公共交通多出行时段、多级出行时间阈值下站点可达性特征；最后，将站点吸引指数引入居民出行站点选择概率公式，并改进三步移动搜索法（3-Step Floating Catchment Area method,3SFCA），实现对公共交通站点时空可达性动态分布特征的多尺度分析。【数据】以烟台市滨海中路公共交通站点为研究对象，利用高德开放地图平台获取多时段公共交通出行数据。【结果】（1）不同出行时段、出行时间阈值条件下，滨海中路站点可达性时空分布差异显著，大体上呈现“T”字形的分布形态，沿海岸线向东西方向延伸，中段区域与莱山区方向站点之间的衔接较强；（2）从时空分布特征来看，公共交通站点各类可达性指标值均呈现明显的早晚高峰时段可达性较高的分布特征，对站点服务能力的依赖性较强；（3）基于供需平衡视角的空间可达性结果显示，站点供给与居民需求处于整体失衡的状态，而局部失衡主要集中于公共交通资源相对匮乏的东段。

[Background] The rationality of the spatial layout of public transport stations is of great significance for improving the quality of urban public services and enhancing the residents' quality of life.However, existing methods rarely analyze the temporal characteristics of station accessibility from the perspective of the full chain of residential travel. [Objective] This study aimed to investigate an evaluation method for public transport station accessibility from the perspective of residential travel, considering multiple travel periods and travel time thresholds for station area and inter-station connections. [Methods] First, a public transport travel cumulative opportunity model was established under scenarios of multiple travel periods and travel time thresholds to quantitatively evaluate origin-based and destination-based accessibility of stations at both station area and inter-station levels. Second, a station attraction indexcalculation method was designed to represent the accessibility characteristics of public transport stations across multiple travel periods and multilevel travel time thresholds. The station attraction index was introduced into the residential travel station selection probability formula, and the 3-Step Floating Catchment Area method(3SFCA) was improved to conduct a multiscale analysis of the dynamic spatial-temporal accessibility distribution characteristics of public transport stations. [Data] Taking public transport stations on the Binhai Middle Road in Yantai City as a case study, multiperiod public transport travel data were obtained using theAmap.[Results](1) Under different travel periods and travel time threshold conditions, significant differences exist in the spatial-temporal distribution of accessibility at stations on Binhai Middle Road,which generally present a T-shaped distribution extending east-west along the coastline, with strong connections between the middle section and stations in the direction of Laishan District;(2) In terms of spatial-temporal distribution characteristics, all accessibility indicators for public transport stations exhibit a clear distribution pattern of higher accessibility during morning and evening peak hours,with strong dependence on station service capacity;(3) The results of spatial accessibility based on the perspective of supply-demand balance reveal an overall imbalance between station supply and residents' demand, with localized imbalances mainly concentrated in the eastern section, where public transport resources are relatively scarce.