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铁路网车流分配是铁路运输组织中的热点研究问题，也是铁路运营管理层面的重要研究内容。本文分析了铁路网车流分配优化问题的内涵及特点，并从模型构建及算法设计两个方面对国内外相关研究现状及研究特点进行了综述。在模型构建方面，按照决策变量、优化目标和约束条件三个角度对既有研究进行分类，并指出决策变量主要依据点-弧模型和弧-路模型两种基本车流分配模型设置，其中弧-路模型的决策变量相对更少，在大规模车流分配模型中更为适用；优化目标通常选择广义费用中的一种或多种，并兼顾运输效益与点线能力协调进行设置；在约束条件的考虑上，大部分模型以传统约束条件为主，根据不同运输需求设置约束条件。在算法设计方面，分析发现启发式算法成为求解大规模路网问题的主要手段，而基于模型松弛和模型分解的精确算法以及基于模型修改的算法也逐步得到了广泛应用。在归纳分析既有研究特点的基础上，结合铁路货物运输内外部发展环境的变化，进一步展望了车流分配在模型建立、算法求解和创新方面的研究趋势，可为铁路车流分配研究提供一定参考。
Abstract：Railway network traffic distribution is widely studied in the field of railway transportation organization and is an important research topic for railway operation management. In this study, we analyze the connotation and characteristics of the optimization problem for railway network traffic distribution and review related research at home and abroad with regard to two aspects: model construction and algorithm design. Regarding model construction, the existing studies are classified from three perspectives—decision variables, optimization objectives, and constraints—and it is found that the decision variables are mainly set according to two basic traffic distribution models: the point-arc model and arc-road model. For large-scale traffic distribution models, the arc-road model has fewer decision variables than the point-arc model, and they are more applicable; the optimization objectives are usually set as one or more of the generalized costs, taking into account the coordination of the transport efficiency and point-line capacity. Most of the models are based on traditional constraints, and the constraints are set according to different transportation needs. Regarding algorithm design, heuristic algorithms have become the main means of solving large-scale road network problems, while exact algorithms based on model relaxation and model decomposition as well as algorithms based on model modification are gradually becoming more widely used. Finally, on the basis of the characteristics of existing research together with the changes in the internal and external development environment of railroad cargo transportation, the research trends in traffic flow allocation with regard to model establishment, algorithm development, and innovation are discussed. This study provides a valuable reference for railroad traffic flow allocation research.
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基本信息:
DOI：10.19961/j.cnki.1672-4747.2022.11.004
中图分类号:U29
引用信息:
[1]薛锋,周琳,刘泳博.铁路网车流分配问题研究综述[J].交通运输工程与信息学报,2024,22(01):206-219.DOI:10.19961/j.cnki.1672-4747.2022.11.004.
基金信息:
国家自然科学基金项目（61203175）; 四川省自然科学基金项目（2022NSFSC0471）
2023-04-18
2023-04-18
2023-04-18