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【背景】换道作为车辆行驶过程中的一种重要微观行为，对交通流的影响至关重要。深入了解换道行为的时空影响，能为交通管控优化提供有效支持。然而，现有研究主要聚焦于换道的瞬时影响，忽视了其在时间和空间上的持续性影响，导致换道对交通流的全面影响量化不足。【目标】揭示自由换道行为对原车道和目标车道上游交通流的安全性、效率和油耗等多维度的影响，为优化驾驶员换道决策及交通管控策略提供理论依据。【方法】采用“数据处理-影响时空域界定-多维评价指标构建-统计分析”的框架，结合TET、油耗以及Edie广义流量等指标，定量分析单次自由换道的时空影响。【数据】利用日本开源数据集Zen Traffic Data(ZTD)进行实证分析，数据集涵盖了三个典型高速公路双车道路段（Ikeda Route 11、Wangan Route 4和Higashiosaka Route 13）共计16小时的车辆轨迹数据，研究场景遵循靠左行驶，其中右车道为超车道，左车道为行车道。【结论】研究表明，不同类型的换道以及换道对不同车道有不同的影响：车辆从右车道向左车道换道对原车道上游车辆的安全影响显著高于从左向右换道，而从左向右换道对目标车道上游车辆的安全影响明显大于从右向左换道；同时，右向左换道在降低油耗方面表现优于左向右换道。此外，尽管换道行为带来一定安全风险，但也表现出流量增益效应，原车道和目标车道流量分别提高了2.51%和5.17%。在油耗方面，大多数换道行为可有效减少原车道和目标车道上游车辆的油耗。【应用】本研究提出的换道时空影响量化方法可为自动驾驶车辆的换道决策算法优化提供支持，通过实时预测换道对周围车辆的影响，自动驾驶车辆可在最小化换道影响的前提下，做出更为合理的换道决策。
Abstract：[Background] Lane changing, a crucial microlevel behavior in vehicle operation, plays a significant role in traffic flow. Understanding its spatiotemporal impact is essential for effective traffic management optimization. However, existing studies have primarily focused on the instantaneous effects of lane changing, neglecting its sustained influence over time and space, resulting in an incomplete quantification of its impact on traffic flow. [Objective] This study aims to reveal the multidimensional impact of discretionary lane-changing on the safety, efficiency, and fuel consumption of upstream traffic in both the original and target lanes, providing a theoretical foundation for optimizing driver lane-changing decisions and traffic management strategies. [Method] A framework of“data processing-spatiotemporal impact definition-construction of multidimensional evaluation metricsstatistical analysis”is used. By combining metrics such as the time-exposed time-to-collision, fuel consumption, and Edie's generalized flow, this study quantitatively analyzes the spatiotemporal impact of a single lane change. [Data] Empirical analysis was conducted using the open-source Zen Traffic Data dataset, which includes 16 h of vehicle trajectory data from three typical two-lane highway segments in Japan: Ikeda Route 11, Wangan Route 4, and Higashiosaka Route 13. The vehicles followed the keep-left traffic rule. The right lane is the passing lane and the left lane is the driving lane. [Conclusions] This study shows that lane changes have different impacts depending on the lane type(left vs. right) and target lane. Lane changes from right to left cause a significantly higher safety impact on upstream vehicles in the original lane compared with lane changes from left to right. Lane changes from left to right pose higher safety risks to upstream vehicles in the target lane than lane changes from right to left. In addition, lane changes from right to left demonstrated a greater potential for reducing fuel consumption than lane changes from left to right. Despite the safety risks, lane changes exhibited a flow gain effect, increasing the flow rates by 2.51% and 5.17% in the original and target lanes, respectively. Regarding fuel consumption, most lane-change behaviors contribute to reducing fuel consumption for upstream vehicles in both the original and target lanes. [Application] The proposed method for quantifying the spatiotemporal impacts of lane-changing can support autonomous vehicle lane-changing decision algorithms. By predicting the real-time effects of lane changes on surrounding vehicles, autonomous vehicles can make more rational lane-changing decisions that minimize disruptions while optimizing traffic flow.
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基本信息:
DOI：10.19961/j.cnki.1672-4747.2025.02.014
中图分类号:U491
引用信息:
[1]邹加,侯康宁,郑芳芳,等.车辆换道的时空影响分析：交通安全、效率和油耗视角[J].交通运输工程与信息学报,2025,23(03):171-184.DOI:10.19961/j.cnki.1672-4747.2025.02.014.
基金信息:
四川省科技厅项目（2025YFHZ0193）
2025-02-27
2025
2025-03-24
2025-06-16
2025
1
2025-06-05
2025-06-05
2025-06-05