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【背景】近年来，车辆保有量的增加使道路拥堵日趋严重，导致电动车配送难以在客户满意时间窗内送达，且电动车存在续航里程短、充电时间长的特点，易导致其配送时效性差、客户满意度降低。【目标】针对电动车配送存在的不足，优化考虑道路拥堵的电动车配送路径及充电策略。【方法】首先，构建了包含车辆自身参数和道路阻抗等因素的电动车电耗测度模型，以及考虑固定成本、车辆使用成本、电能消耗成本和时间窗惩罚成本最小化的数学模型；其次，提出了改进的自适应大邻域搜索算法，根据问题特性，设计了高效的破坏算子和修复算子以扩大解的搜索空间；最后，使用了充电站节点调整策略，通过优化充电站的选择和访问顺序，在满足车辆续航需求的前提下，实现运输成本和充电成本的最小化。【数据】利用Solomon提出的不同规模的算例进行实验，以便对所提算法的性能进行全面的对比与测算。【结果】所提算法相较于传统的自适应大邻域搜索算法，求解质量和求解效率大幅提高，验证了所提算法的有效性。【应用】分析了不同充电策略、不同载重和不同拥堵时长对配送总成本、配送总时长等指标的影响，为物流企业电动车车辆路径优化管理带来一定启示。
Abstract：[Background] In recent years, the increase in vehicle ownership has made road congestion increasingly serious, making it difficult for electric vehicles to complete deliveries within the time window of customer satisfaction. Moreover, electric vehicles have the characteristics of short cruising range and long charging time, which can lead to distribution delays and reduced customer satisfaction. [Objective] Aiming at the shortcomings of electric vehicle distribution, the optimization of electric vehicle distribution path and charging strategy considering road congestion was studied.[Methods] Firstly, an electric vehicle power consumption measurement model including factors such as vehicle parameters and road impedance was constructed, and a mathematical model considering the minimization of fixed, vehicle use, power consumption and time window penalty cost was constructed. Secondly, an improved adaptive large neighborhood search algorithm is proposed. According to the characteristics of the problem, an efficient destruction operator and a repair operator are designed to expand the search space of the solution. Finally, the charging station node adjustment strategy is used to minimize the transportation cost and charging cost by optimizing the selection and access order of the charging station under the premise to meet electric vehicle range limits. [Data] Experiments were conducted on varving scales of examples proposed by Solomon to comprehensively compare and measure the performance of the proposed algorithm. [Results] Compared with the traditional adaptive large neighborhood search algorithm, the proposed algorithm signiticantly improved the solution quality and efficiency. Thus, the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm was verified.[Application] The influence of different charging strategies, loads and congestion times on the total cost and time of distribution were analyzed, which brings some management insights on the optimization of electric vehicle routing in logistics enterprises.
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基本信息:
DOI：10.19961/j.cnki.1672-4747.2024.10.006
中图分类号:TM910.6;U491
引用信息:
[1]温廷新,孟昊廷.考虑道路拥堵的电动车路径及充电策略[J].交通运输工程与信息学报,2025,23(01):212-226.DOI:10.19961/j.cnki.1672-4747.2024.10.006.
基金信息:
国家自然科学基金项目（71771111）; 辽宁工程技术大学鄂尔多斯研究院校地科技合作培育项目（YJY-XD-2024-B-013）
2024-12-05
2024-12-05
2024-12-05